Technically, an electric scooter is a motorised two-wheel vehicle or Personal Light Electric Vehicle (PLEV). They differ from electric bikes not just because they don't have pedals but because they are classed as motor vehicles under the road traffic laws.
Because escooters don't (usually) comply with road traffic laws (like the fastest ebikes) - in particular they don't have rear lights or registration plates - it's not legal to use a privately-owned scooter on a UK road.
This is why it's often said that they are legal only on private land with the landowner's permission. See below for how this might change in future.
If you were caught on a public highway, you'd technically be driving a motor vehicle with no insurance - you could be liable for a fixed penalty of £300 and six points on your driving licence. If the case went to court, you could get an unlimited fine and be disqualified from driving. Your scooter could also be impounded by the police.
Even if you did have a model that followed the rules, you'd also need to obey other law to use it - tax, insurance, MOT, driving licence and helmet.
This doesn't stop people riding scooters unlawfully. And Giovanna Drago is suing a London council for £30,000 after her Illegally ridden e-scooter hit a pothole in Barnet leading to her breaking her leg.
It's possible to buy scooters with no warnings that they currently are illegal on UK roads, or ones with very high maximum speeds which will never be made legal in the UK. West Midlands Assistant Police and Crime Commissioner, Tom McNeil, is demand government action to address these high-speed: “I have written to the government demanding to know why it has failed to tighten the rules around e-scooters."
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The government is currently running trials in 31 regions where it's legal to use rental scooters on public roads (excluding motorways) and in cycle lanes. It published a report on the findings to date in December 2022. (In London the schemes run alongside the ebike rental market)
In the trial, the hiring company arranges the insurance. Users still need a valid driving licence (full or provisional - categories AM, A1, A2, A and B) and can then ride the escooters on roads and in cycle lanes and tracks (NB not on pavements). Helmets are recommended but not compulsory.
You need to use them safely and carefully. Don't use a mobile phone while driving, avoid bags hanging from handlebars, and don't drink and ride.
The trials were originally due to end on 30 November 2021 but were extended due to the pandemic. They were then extended a second time and are now due to finish on 30 November 2022. Existing participating local authorities were then given the option to either end their local trial or extend it to 31 May 2024.
In early December 2023, the Department for Transport was revealed to have told councils that legalisation of all escooters was still on the cards but they had so far been unable to secure a slot for the proposed legalisation. As a result, the scooter trials have been extended for a further two years to May 31, 2026.
And this month (January), The DfT says it will now allow authorities to ask for changes to the coverage sand size of electric scooter fleets, as long as there is "proportionate and clear" evidence. Any approved changes will then take effect from June 1, 2024. While this change will make it easier for the existing trial towns to make changes, there are still no plans to expand the number of trial towns.
Scooter rental companies taking part include TIER, Lime, Voi and Dott.
Even in these trial areas, you still can't use a privately owned escooter on road.
Scooters are very popular - the latest TFL figures released in summer show 2023 revealed that London’s e-scooter trial had over 600 parking bays and 5,000 scooters at end 2022, which had made 2.5 million trips totalling 6.5 million km.
The current trial areas are:
Some areas have stopped their trials in late 2022 including Kent (Canterbury), Sandwell and Slough (which may restart in summer 2023).
The government is looking into legalising e scooters. There has been little progress lately, however, despite Ireland legalising scooters for road use in early 2024. We're keen for them to hurry to help people shift away from expensive cars that sit around doing nothing 23 hours a day.
Key questions are:
In a recent government consultation, the general view was to legally treat them like electric bikes. There was widespread support for legalisation and an overwhelming view that clear regulations are needed. This approach was backed up by a recent electroheads survey.
These were the criteria the government used to legalise the rental escooters in the trials - this is a reasonable starting point for what may be legalised (but could well be amended in some way):
There is already one change that happened recently - since December 5, 2023, all new and existing members of electric scooter trials must give their name and driving licence number a photo of the front of their driving licence.
There is no sign of the long promised update to escooter laws in the light of the long-running trials. There had been reports suggesting new laws or regulations might be unveiled in the King’s Speech on November 7th 2023, but none was forthcoming (despite an announced ban on London pedicabs).
The news on escooters around the world isn't always great. Lime, Tier and Dott have removed their combined 15,000 rental e-scooter fleet from Paris after 103,000 Parisians voted in April 2023 on whether to ban them - 90% voted yes. Private escooters are unaffected.
Meanwhile Sydney, Australia, launched rental trials on 10th Jan with Beam providing the fleet.
There are more than a million electric scooters on UK streets. 3,987 were confiscated by the Metrolpolitan Police last year (2021).
Electric scooters were involved in 1,352 collisions in Great Britain in 2021 (according to updated government figures finalised in September 2022), compared to 460 a year earlier. In 2021, the reported collisions resulted in 1,434 casualties and ten deaths (all of whom were riding a scooter). The year before collisions caused 484 injuries and just one fatality.
Of all e-scooters collisions, 324 included only one e-scooter with no other vehicles involved in the collision, compared to 83 in 2020.
Road user type | Killed | Serious(adjusted) | Slight(adjusted) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
E-scooter user | 10 | 331 | 761 | 1,102 |
Pedestrian | 0 | 67 | 162 | 229 |
Pedal Cyclist | 0 | 20 | 45 | 65 |
Motor Cyclist | 0 | 3 | 12 | 15 |
Car Occupant | 0 | 0 | 17 | 17 |
Van Occupant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Bus Occupant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Other Vehicle Occupant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Total | 10 | 421 | 1,003 | 1,434 |
40% of collisons in 2021 were in London.
Following the UK Government’s announcement that privately-owned escooter legislation would be part of a new, slimline 2023 Transport Bill, Electroheads.com surveyed more than 5,000 people across the UK to find out public attitudes to safety.
Q1 Answer | Per cent |
---|---|
None of the options listed | 38.4% |
Compulsory helmets | 35.4% |
3rd-party accident insurance | 29.7% |
Not to be used outside 20 or 30mph zones | 28.6% |
Speed limit of 15mph | 26.2% |
Pre-purchase riding proficiency test | 25.8% |
Annual mini-MOT | 20.0% |
In terms of age split, there's a clear divide between those who want no speed rules - but still a majority for something in each range.
Age range | None of the above |
---|---|
18 - 24 | 47.7% |
25 - 34 | 46.8% |
35 - 44 | 43.6% |
Total 18-44 | 45.7% |
45 - 54 | 32.2% |
55 - 64 | 33.8% |
65+ | 32.2% |
Total 45+ | 32.6% |
Speed limit | Per cent | Women | Men |
---|---|---|---|
10-12mph (less than e-bikes) | 44.4% | 49.1% | 39.4% |
15.5mph (the same as e-bikes) | 29.2% | 28.4% | 30.0% |
20mph (more than e-bikes) | 12.2% | 10.6% | 13.9% |
The speed limit for road driven on EG 30mph | 14.2% | 11.8% | 16.7% |
Age range | 10-12 | 15.5 | 20mph or the road limit |
---|---|---|---|
18-34 | 36.8% | 33.0% | 30.2% |
35-54 | 43.9% | 26.1% | 30.0% |
55+ | 49.8% | 29.1% | 21.1% |
Answer | Per cent |
---|---|
None of the options listed | 38.9% |
On-the-spot fine | 26.5% |
Impounding of scooter | 25.9% |
Safe riding awareness course | 25.8% |
Penalty points on driving licence | 14.2% |
Three surveys were run from October 19 2022. The safety rules survey had 1,629 responses; 2,017 for the speed rules; and 1,508 for the punishments. Surveys were carried out by Google Consumer Surveys targeting those aged over 18 using convenience sampling with representative weighting applied.
]]>Insurance isn't REQUIRED for electric scooters or bikes (although this may change for escooters if the law is relaxed to allow them on public roads). It is advisable though.
Insuring an electric bike is pretty simple. There are specialist firms like Cycleguard and Cycpleplan, standard insurers like Directline, and you can use price comparison websites as well.
If you want a good deal on electric bike insurance, we recommend Laka - see our explanation of its insurance here (including a discount code for a free 30 days' cover) .
To get a clue as to the range of prices, we got premium costs for a £1,200 estarli ebike stored in a wooden garden shed from a range of places and used for leisure only in the UK. We used a London address - premiums elsewhere should be no higher. We assumed we had no accessories, always obeyed the law(!), and always locked our bike up securely.
With electric bikes, the standard insurance is for theft and accidental damage to the bike. You can then opt to include covering injury (or death) to yourself and injury to others or their property. For theft cover, you'll need to lock it up and make sure to check the lock requirements - we recommend the LiteLok Core Plus.
It's worth noting that your home insurance is unlikely to cover an ebike due to their costs - but it is worth checking first (and even if it does, it may only cover the bike at home).
Cycleplan quoted us £56.41 including public liability cover with a £19.61 (35%) introductory discount - so a year later the price will rise to around £75. They are a highly-rated company (Trustpilot 4.5-star rating and 4.81 at Smart money people). Adding personal accident put the cost up by £7. Get a quote from cycleplan.
With Direct Line, getting insurance was tricky though - they didn't recognise the Estarli or Cowboy brands. But they did allow us to insure a Carrera Vengeance E Mens bike. Cover was £82.80 - with another £15 each to add public liability and personal injury.
Cycleguard was much easier as they didn't ask the make of the electric bike. They quoted £100.11 for an annual policy with an extra £26 for personal injury and £16 for public liability.
Gocompare's website said it offered electric bike insurance but didn't work.
We also tried Moneysupermarket.com who gave us 32 quotes (shown in the graph) ranging from £50.99 a year to £116.02. All the quotes above £75 included one or both of public liability and personal insurance cover (the eight cheapest quotes up to £68 did not).
After all that, we reckon you should get a quote from cycleplan as their combination of cover and premiums was best - plus we didn't have any problems with brand selection.
In general, your cover will only be valid if your bike follows the EAPC regulations:
It's legal to ride an electric bike in the UK. Here's where to buy an ebike in the UK.
Google electric scooter insurance and there's not much to be found - this is because many insurers aren't offering cover yet, as privately owned escooters aren't road legal. There are several companies who look like they offer cover ... but when you fill out your details, they say they'll ring you the moment they start to sell policies.
This is a problem as your existing home insurance is unlikely to cover the theft of an escooter. We did find one company offering cover. The main factor affecting costs is the price of the escooter:
This is what was covered:
Make sure you read the restrictions though as they cover where you can use your scooter AND how powerful it is:
"It is currently against the law in the UK to ride e-scooters on public land including parks, pavements, footpaths and roads. You will only be covered by this policy when using your e-scooter on private land with the landowners permission. In addition, the e-scooter's electric motor output must not exceed 250w/15.5mph."
Cycle plan are a reputable company with a 4.5-star rating at trust pilot and 4.81 at Smart money people. Get a quote from cycleplan.
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